Sunday, 22 January 2012

commutation rectifier

single phase two diode rectifier. LR output. time constant = L/R >> 1/f.
D2 is free wheeling diode.


average output current = Vr/R = 2.5/100 = 0.025A.

adding L3, commutation takes place.

L3 << L1, output current remains constant, the blur in output happens when commutation takes place.

for ideal case, the firing angle = cos-1(1-2*pi*f*L1*Iout/Vin) ~= 1degree.

in reality, the firing angle is much larger, the clear trace in the diagram is produced in the period of commutation, because during commutation both diode are on; therefore, Voltage at port 2 of L3 is 0v. VL3 = Vin.

Wednesday, 18 January 2012

Zeebrugge Ferry Disaster




http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBCCOFc-rdE&feature=related

fuel cell economic


energy /ft3 natural gas

natural gas price

assume natural gas price $2.7/GJ. 
1000Btu = 37MJ.
$2.7/27.027KBtu. 
$0.1/KBtu. 

operational analysis

fuel cell:
29898KBtu/2190KWh.
13.652KBtu/KWh.
$1.3652/KWh.

TEG:
747447KBtu/2190KWh
341.3KBtu/KWh
$34.13/KWh

life span analysis

fuel cell:
$22000/unit
10year/unit
assume maintenance $2000/year
equipment + maintenance = $42000 over 10 years.
energy produced = 21900KWh over 10 years.
energy bill = $29897.88 over 10 years.
total cost $71897.88 over 10 years.
$3.28/KWh